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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Graphene growth using a solid carbon feedstock and hydrogen.

Hengxing Ji1, Yufeng Hao, Yujie Ren

  • 1The Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, Texas 78712-0292, USA.

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Graphene synthesis on copper using amorphous carbon films requires hydrogen gas. This indicates that hydrogen reacts with carbon to form graphene on copper surfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene growth on copper (Cu) at high temperatures is established using various carbon sources.
  • The precise chemical mechanisms at the Cu surface during graphene formation remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate graphene formation from amorphous carbon thin films on Cu.
  • To elucidate the role of hydrogen gas in the graphene synthesis process.

Main Methods:

  • Graphene synthesis using amorphous carbon thin films on Cu substrates.
  • Experiments conducted with and without the addition of hydrogen gas (H(2)(g)).
  • Characterization of the synthesized graphene, including mobility measurements.

Main Results:

  • Graphene formation was exclusively observed when hydrogen gas was present.
  • This suggests that hydrogen gas and amorphous carbon, or their intermediates, are crucial for graphene synthesis on Cu.
  • High-quality, large-area monolayer graphene was produced with electron mobility of 2520 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and hole mobility of 2050 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1).

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogen gas plays a critical role in the catalytic conversion of amorphous carbon to graphene on copper.
  • The findings clarify the chemical pathway for graphene growth on Cu using solid carbon sources and hydrogen.