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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Published on: July 18, 2019

Transcriptomes of the major human pancreatic cell types.

C Dorrell¹, J Schug, C F Lin

¹Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, L321, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

|September 2, 2011

Summary

This study maps the gene expression of human pancreatic cells, revealing new insights into beta cell function and cell communication pathways. These findings offer a valuable resource for diabetes research and cell-based therapies.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Genomics
Endocrinology

Background:

The human pancreas comprises diverse endocrine and exocrine cell types crucial for metabolic regulation.
Understanding the unique transcriptomes of these cells is essential for advancing diabetes research and regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively analyze the mRNA transcriptome of all major human pancreatic endocrine (alpha, beta) and exocrine (duct, acinar) cell subtypes.
To identify cell type-specific distributions of transcription factors, signaling ligands, and their receptors within the human pancreas.

Main Methods:

Single-cell isolation of human pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells from healthy donor islets using enzymatic dispersion and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS).
Gene expression profiling via microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR.
Computational analysis to assess receptor-ligand interactions.

Main Results:

Detailed transcriptomes for alpha, beta, duct, and acinar cells revealed novel gene expression patterns, including HOPX and HDAC9 in beta cells.
Identified species-specific differences in protein abundance, such as MAFB in human alpha and beta cells compared to mouse.
Revealed EPH receptor-ephrin signaling as a key communication pathway between exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells.

Conclusions:

This study provides the first comprehensive human pancreatic cell transcriptome, serving as a critical resource for diabetes research.
Uncovered novel paracrine signaling pathways within the pancreas.
Findings will aid in directing efforts for human beta cell fate specification using stem cell technologies or genetic reprogramming.