Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Bacterial pneumonia in solid organ transplantation.

L A Mermel1, D G Maki

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison.

Seminars in Respiratory Infections
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comment on: Central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) burden among Dutch neonatal intensive care units.

The Journal of hospital infection·2024
Same author

The great influenza centennial-what have we learned about the epidemiology and prevention of transmission?

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2018
Same author

L'uso degli antisettici nel lavaggio delle mani del personale medico.

Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)·2016
Same author

Intraoperative stopcock and manifold colonization of newly inserted peripheral intravenous catheters.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2014
Same author

Arterial catheter-related bloodstream infection: incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors and prevention.

The Journal of hospital infection·2013
Same author

Quantitative analysis and molecular fingerprinting of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in different patient populations: a prospective, multicenter study.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2010
Same journal

TB vaccines at the turn of the century: insights into immunity to M. tuberculosis and modern approaches for prevention of an ancient disease.

Seminars in respiratory infections·2003
Same journal

Environmental infection control of tuberculosis.

Seminars in respiratory infections·2003
Same journal

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the treatment of active disease.

Seminars in respiratory infections·2003
Same journal

Pediatric tuberculosis.

Seminars in respiratory infections·2003
Same journal

Clinical and radiographic features of HIV-related tuberculosis.

Seminars in respiratory infections·2003
Same journal

Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.

Seminars in respiratory infections·2003
See all related articles

Bacterial pneumonia affects 4% of US solid organ transplant recipients, with high mortality, especially early post-transplant. Prevention includes immunizations and prophylactic antibiotics.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Bacterial pneumonia is a significant complication in solid organ transplant recipients, occurring in approximately 4% of patients.
  • Incidence varies by transplant type, with heart-lung and liver recipients at highest risk (22% and 17%, respectively).
  • Crude mortality for bacterial pneumonia in this population exceeds 40%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, risk factors, microbiology, diagnosis, and prevention of bacterial pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients.
  • To highlight the high mortality associated with early post-transplant bacterial pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bacterial pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including cytomegalovirus infection, graft rejection, and specific immunosuppressive therapies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches, emphasizing fiberoptic bronchoscopy for microbiologic diagnosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Early post-transplant pneumonia (first 3 months) is often caused by gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Legionella, with mortality over 60%.
    • Later pneumonias are typically caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae, with lower mortality.
    • Risk factors include cytomegalovirus infection, graft rejection, and immunosuppressive agents like prednisone, azathioprine, antilymphocyte globulin, high-dose corticosteroids, OKT3, and splenectomy.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial pneumonia is a critical concern in transplant patients, requiring prompt diagnosis and management.
    • Prevention strategies are crucial, including immunizations (S pneumoniae, Influenza A), infection control, and judicious use of prophylactic antibiotics.
    • Novel approaches like selective antimicrobial decontamination and protective isolation may further reduce incidence.