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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects
06:19

Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects

Published on: May 31, 2024

[Advances in preservative-free glaucoma drops].

C Stefan1, Adina Pop, Inga Cojocaru

  • 1Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Militar Central "DR. Carol Davila", Bucureşti.

Oftalmologia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preservatives in eye drops for glaucoma can harm the ocular surface. This review examines their role and adverse effects in ophthalmic preparations.

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Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects
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Published on: January 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Ophthalmic solutions are primary treatments for ocular diseases like glaucoma.
  • Multidose eye drops require preservatives to prevent microbial contamination.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of preservatives in antiglaucoma medications.
  • To discuss the impact of these preservatives on the ocular surface.

Summary:

  • Preservatives are essential in multidose ophthalmic solutions to maintain sterility.
  • However, repeated application of topical antiglaucoma treatments containing preservatives can lead to ocular surface adverse effects.

Impact:

  • Understanding preservative roles and ocular surface impacts is crucial for managing glaucoma patients.
  • This knowledge aids in selecting appropriate treatments to minimize iatrogenic damage.