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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Finite Element Analysis Model for Assessing Expansion Patterns from Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion

Finite Element Analysis Model for Assessing Expansion Patterns from Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion

Published on: October 20, 2023

Transverse dentoalveolar changes after slow maxillary expansion.

Jared K Corbridge¹, Phillip M Campbell, Reginald Taylor

¹Orthodontic Department, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

|September 6, 2011

Summary

Early quad-helix treatment effectively expands the palate and increases arch width. However, this orthodontic approach can reduce buccal bone thickness, potentially impacting long-term stability.

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Published on: October 20, 2023

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Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

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Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Craniofacial development
Dental imaging

Background:

Early orthodontic intervention is crucial for managing transverse discrepancies.
The quad-helix appliance is commonly used for early maxillary expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate transverse dentoalveolar changes in the maxillary first molar region following early quad-helix treatment.
To assess the impact on buccal bone thickness, lingual bone thickness, alveolar width, and intermolar/palatal widths.

Main Methods:

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used to analyze 73 patients before and after phase 1 quad-helix treatment.
Measurements included buccal bone thickness, buccal cortical plate thickness, lingual bone thickness, alveolar width, palatal width, and intermolar width.

Main Results:

Quad-helix treatment significantly increased intermolar width (6.5 mm) and palatal width (3.9 mm).
Alveolar width increased by 0.5 mm, while buccal bone thickness decreased by 1.6 mm and lingual bone thickness increased by 1.6 mm.
A notable finding was that approximately one-third of patients exhibited reduced buccal cortical plate thickness post-treatment.

Conclusions:

Early quad-helix treatment is effective for increasing maxillary arch dimensions.
Tooth movement through the alveolar bone leads to significant changes in bone thickness, with potential implications for stability.
Retention strategies are important to mitigate relapse tendencies observed in some patients.