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Three-dimensional strain fields in human brain resulting from formalin fixation.

Georg Schulz1, Hendrikus J A Crooijmans, Marco Germann

  • 1Biomaterials Science Center, University of Basel, c/o University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. georg.schulz@unibas.ch

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
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Formalin fixation causes significant volume changes in post mortem human brains. This study quantifies global and local tissue deformation during fixation using MRI, revealing substantial shrinkage.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Formalin fixation is a standard procedure for preserving post mortem human brain tissue.
  • Inhomogeneous brain tissues undergo three-dimensional strain during formalin fixation.
  • Understanding tissue deformation is crucial for accurate post mortem brain analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the global and local volume changes in a human brain during formalin fixation.
  • To assess the impact of fixation duration on brain tissue strain.
  • To establish a baseline for post mortem brain imaging studies.

Main Methods:

  • Single case Magnetic Resonance (MR)-based investigation of a human brain.
  • Acquisition of 13 MR datasets over a 70-day fixation period.

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  • Affine and non-rigid registration techniques to analyze volumetric changes.

    • Main Results:

    • A global volume shrinkage of 8.1% was observed after 70 days of fixation.
    • Non-rigid registration revealed maximal local volume strains of up to 32%.
    • Significant tissue deformation occurs throughout the fixation process.

    Conclusions:

    • Formalin fixation induces considerable global and local volume changes in human brain tissue.
    • These deformations must be accounted for in post mortem neuroimaging studies.
    • The findings provide critical data for interpreting structural changes in fixed brain samples.