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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

A phantom study on target localization accuracy using cone-beam computed tomography.

Hui Yan¹, Liwei Zhang, Fang-Fang Yin

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, U.S.A.

Clinical Medicine. Oncology

|September 6, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on-board imager (OBI) demonstrates high accuracy for 3D target localization. This study confirms CBCT

Keywords:

cone-beam computed tomography on-board imager target localization

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Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Published on: July 17, 2012

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Radiotherapy Physics
Image-Guided Therapy

Background:

Accurate 3D target localization is critical for effective radiotherapy.
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) integrated with an on-board imager (OBI) offers potential for real-time image guidance.
Evaluating the precision of CBCT-based localization is essential for clinical implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively assess the 3-dimensional target localization accuracy of CBCT using an OBI.
To determine the detection and residual errors in translational and rotational positioning.

Main Methods:

An anthropomorphic pelvis phantom was used to simulate translational (0-10 mm) and rotational (0-5 degrees) offsets.
CBCT scans were acquired after applying offsets, followed by image registration to detect positioning errors.
The couch was automatically adjusted based on detected errors, and a second CBCT scan evaluated residual positioning accuracy.

Main Results:

Average translational detection errors were sub-millimeter (0.3-0.4 mm) with corresponding residual errors also sub-millimeter (0.3-0.5 mm).
Average rotational detection errors were minimal (0.1-0.2 degrees) with residual rotational errors ranging from 0.3-0.6 degrees.
The system demonstrated consistent sub-millimeter accuracy in target localization.

Conclusions:

CBCT using an OBI provides highly accurate 3D target localization capabilities.
The system achieves sub-millimeter precision, suitable for image-guided radiotherapy applications.
These findings support the clinical utility of CBCT for precise patient positioning.