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Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

VacuSIP, an Improved InEx Method for In Situ Measurement of Particulate and Dissolved Compounds Processed by Active Suspension Feeders

VacuSIP, an Improved InEx Method for In Situ Measurement of Particulate and Dissolved Compounds Processed by Active Suspension Feeders

Published on: August 3, 2016

Improving suspended sediment measurements by automatic samplers.

Melissa Gettel¹, John S Gulliver, Masoud Kayhanian

¹St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.

Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM

|September 6, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Conventional stormwater sampling intakes lead to inaccurate measurements of suspended solids. A modified winged arm sampler intake significantly improves accuracy for suspended sediment concentration, ensuring reliable water quality data.

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VacuSIP, an Improved InEx Method for In Situ Measurement of Particulate and Dissolved Compounds Processed by Active Suspension Feeders

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Water Quality Monitoring
Sediment Transport

Background:

Total suspended solids (TSS) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) are key water quality indicators for particle-bound contaminants.
Current stormwater runoff monitoring often uses automatic samplers with intakes at the bottom of sewers, leading to inaccurate suspended sediment measurements due to particle settling and vertical concentration variations.

Purpose of the Study:

To verify the inaccuracies of conventional automatic sampler intakes for measuring suspended sediment.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a modified sampler intake design in improving sampling accuracy.

Main Methods:

Experimental testing with known suspended sediment concentrations and particle sizes (20–355 μm) under various flow rates.
Comparison of sampling accuracy between conventional intakes (with and without strainers) and a modified winged arm sampler intake.

Main Results:

Conventional intakes showed significant inaccuracies, with sampled to feed SSC ratios up to 6600% without a strainer and 300% with a strainer.
The modified winged arm sampler intake demonstrated substantial improvement, achieving accuracy within 10% for particle sizes up to 250 μm.

Conclusions:

Conventional automatic sampler intakes are unreliable for accurate suspended sediment monitoring in stormwater runoff.
A winged arm sampler intake design offers a more accurate and consistent method for measuring suspended sediment concentration, crucial for effective water quality assessment.