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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
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2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...

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Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging
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Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging

Published on: March 31, 2022

Holographic tissue dynamics spectroscopy.

David D Nolte1, Ran An, John Turek

  • 1Purdue University, Department of Physics, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. nolte@physics.purdue.edu

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue dynamics spectroscopy uses digital holography to image intracellular motility within multicellular tumor spheroids. This technique differentiates tissue states and responses to environmental changes, aiding in understanding tumor biology.

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Quantifying Microorganisms at Low Concentrations Using Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM)

Published on: November 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Optical Spectroscopy
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) are complex 3D models for cancer research.
  • Understanding dynamic processes within MTS is crucial for drug development and treatment strategies.
  • Non-invasive methods are needed to probe tissue heterogeneity and cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate tissue dynamics spectroscopy (TDS) using digital holography for depth-resolved intracellular motility measurements.
  • To generate tissue-response spectrograms for characterizing proliferating, hypoxic, and necrotic tissues.
  • To establish a library of TDS signatures for various environmental perturbations.

Main Methods:

  • Digital holography employed as a coherence gate for quasi-elastic dynamic light scattering (DLS).
  • Temporal speckle contrast analysis to create endogenous dynamical images.
  • Fluctuation spectroscopy performed on dynamic speckle to generate tissue-response spectrograms (0.005–5 Hz).

Main Results:

  • TDS successfully extracted depth-resolved DLS from within MTS.
  • Dynamical images revealed distinct patterns for proliferating, hypoxic, and necrotic tissue regions.
  • Tissue-response spectrograms showed signatures of constrained anomalous diffusion driven by active processes.
  • Differential spectrograms distinguished between normal and starved conditions based on tissue shell differences.
  • Initial library of signatures for temperature, osmolarity, pH, and growth factor responses generated.

Conclusions:

  • TDS is a powerful technique for non-invasively probing intracellular dynamics in 3D tumor models.
  • Tissue-response spectrograms offer a novel way to assess tissue health and environmental responses.
  • This method provides a foundation for understanding tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and developing targeted therapies.