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Related Concept Videos

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
11:14

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro

Published on: December 10, 2021

Wnt signaling meets internal dissent.

Elizabeth A Grove1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. egrove@bsd.uchicago.edu

Genes & Development
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A newly discovered promoter in Tcf7l2 intron 5, activated by Vax2, generates truncated Tcf7l2. This protein acts as a dominant-negative Wnt antagonist by blocking beta-catenin interaction.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Canonical Wnt signaling involves beta-catenin nuclear translocation and Tcf/Lef-mediated gene activation.
  • Tcf7l2 is a key transcription factor in Wnt signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel regulatory elements within the Tcf7l2 gene.
  • To elucidate the function of Tcf7l2 variants in Wnt signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of conserved sequences in Tcf7l2 introns.
  • Reporter assays to test promoter activity.
  • Western blotting and DNA-binding assays to characterize Tcf7l2 protein function.

Main Results:

  • A conserved sequence in Tcf7l2 intron 5 functions as an internal promoter.

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The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
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Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro

Published on: December 10, 2021

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions
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The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

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  • Vax2 activates this promoter, driving transcription of truncated Tcf7l2 mRNAs.
  • The resulting truncated Tcf7l2 protein binds DNA but not beta-catenin, acting as a dominant-negative inhibitor.

    • Conclusions:

    • Intron 5 of Tcf7l2 harbors a Vax2-activated promoter generating a dominant-negative Tcf7l2 isoform.
    • This mechanism provides a novel layer of Wnt signaling regulation.