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Related Concept Videos

Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
Muscle Coordination and Action01:24

Muscle Coordination and Action

Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement.
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

Dynamic optimization of the sit-to-stand movement.

Hiroshi R Yamasaki1, Hiroyuki Kambara, Yasuharu Koike

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The minimum torque-change model better predicts sit-to-stand movement trajectories than the minimum jerk model. Natural sit-to-stand movements may result from dynamic optimization, with specific joint torques varying by movement pattern.

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Quantifying Arms and Legs Contributions during Repetitive Electrically-Assisted Sit-To-Stand Exercise in Paraplegics: A Pilot Study

Published on: November 11, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

Quantifying Arms and Legs Contributions during Repetitive Electrically-Assisted Sit-To-Stand Exercise in Paraplegics: A Pilot Study
08:40

Quantifying Arms and Legs Contributions during Repetitive Electrically-Assisted Sit-To-Stand Exercise in Paraplegics: A Pilot Study

Published on: November 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Understanding human movement is crucial for rehabilitation and assistive device design.
  • Predictive models of human motion can inform these fields.
  • The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a fundamental daily activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify criteria predicting sit-to-stand movement trajectories.
  • To compare the predictive accuracy of minimum jerk and minimum torque-change models for STS.
  • To analyze joint torque requirements and movement costs across different STS patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Measured three sit-to-stand movement patterns (upright, natural, leaning forward) in five young adults.
  • Utilized 3-D motion analysis (200 Hz) to capture center of mass trajectory and smoothness.
  • Evaluated optimal trajectories predicted by minimum jerk and minimum torque-change models against measured data.

Main Results:

  • The minimum torque-change model more accurately predicted center of mass trajectories than the minimum jerk model across all STS patterns.
  • Upright STS required greater knee and ankle extension torque at seat-off.
  • Leaning-forward STS demanded higher hip extension torque and incurred a greater movement cost.

Conclusions:

  • The minimum torque-change model offers a better framework for predicting human STS movement.
  • Observed variations in joint torques suggest distinct strategies for different STS patterns.
  • Natural STS movement appears to be a dynamically optimized process.