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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
09:51

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation

Published on: February 2, 2016

Concise review: Human cell engineering: cellular reprogramming and genome editing.

Prashant Mali1, Linzhao Cheng

  • 1Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|September 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell engineering, involving genome resetting and editing, is now feasible in mammalian cells. This breakthrough enables precise genetic modifications for regenerative medicine and disease-free stem cell generation.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
09:51

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Published on: February 2, 2016

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
09:04

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: September 25, 2019

Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
07:56

Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas

Published on: April 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and genetic engineering.
  • Mammalian cell biology.
  • Regenerative medicine.

Background:

  • Human cell engineering, encompassing genome resetting and editing, was historically challenging due to cell refractoriness.
  • Recent advancements in induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming and precise genomic editing have overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key developments in human cell engineering.
  • To highlight progress in genome resetting and editing.
  • To discuss applications in regenerative medicine and future research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on cell reprogramming and genome editing.
  • Analysis of enabling technologies and their impact on cell engineering.
  • Synthesis of current research trends and future prospects.

Main Results:

  • Successful reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells.
  • Advancements in precise and predesigned genomic editing techniques.
  • Enabling of genetic and epigenetic modifications in mammalian cells.

Conclusions:

  • Human cell engineering is now readily achievable, combining genome resetting and editing.
  • This facilitates the generation of genetically matched, disease-free stem cells for regenerative medicine.
  • Future research directions include refining techniques and expanding therapeutic applications.