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Hypodermis

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Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots

Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots

Published on: December 4, 2014

Is adipose tissue metabolically different at different sites?

Angel Gil¹, Josune Olza, Mercedes Gil-Campos

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

International Journal of Pediatric Obesity : IJPO : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity

|September 13, 2011

Summary

This review explores how white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) differ metabolically, especially in children. Understanding these differences, including subcutaneous WAT and visceral WAT, may help treat childhood obesity.

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Area of Science:

Metabolic differences in adipose tissue.
Pediatric focus on adipose tissue metabolism.

Background:

Adipose tissue comprises adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells.
Two main types: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), with distinct properties.
WAT stores energy; BAT dissipates energy as heat.

Purpose of the Study:

To review metabolic differences of adipose tissue at various body sites, with an emphasis on pediatrics.
To highlight the distinct roles and properties of WAT and BAT.
To discuss potential therapeutic strategies for childhood obesity.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on adipose tissue metabolism.
Comparison of functional, morphological, and molecular characteristics of WAT and BAT.
Analysis of the distinct properties of subcutaneous WAT (SWAT) and visceral WAT (VWAT).

Main Results:

WAT and BAT exhibit significant functional, morphological, and molecular differences.
Visceral WAT (VWAT) is linked to metabolic diseases, while SWAT and BAT possess beneficial properties.
SWAT and VWAT adipocytes originate from different progenitors with distinct gene expression patterns.

Conclusions:

SWAT and BAT have beneficial metabolic properties, contrasting with VWAT's association with metabolic dysfunction.
Research into BAT and SWAT transplantation, including novel progenitor sources, shows promise for treating childhood obesity.