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Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
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Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
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[Mumps in Poland in 2009].

Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz1, Hana Orlikova

  • 1Zakład Epidemiologii Narodowego Instytutu Zdrowia Publicznego--Państwowego Zakładu Higieny w Warszawie. istankiewicz@pzh.gov.pl

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|September 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mumps cases in Poland continued to decline in 2009, reaching a 7.7 per 100,000 incidence. Children aged 5-9 were most affected, with no reported deaths from this infectious disease.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Poland reported 2,954 cases of mumps in 2009.
  • A decreasing trend in mumps cases and incidence has been observed.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the epidemiological situation of mumps in Poland in 2009.
  • To identify the most affected age groups and assess the severity of reported cases.

Summary:

  • The incidence rate in 2009 was 7.7 per 100,000 population, a decrease from 8.6 in the previous year.
  • This incidence was significantly lower than the 2003-2007 median, indicating a sustained downward trend.
  • Children aged 5-9 years represented the most affected demographic, with an incidence of 56.7 per 100,000.
  • Hospitalization was required for 1.18% of cases (35 individuals), and no mumps-related deaths were reported in 2009.

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Impact:

  • The findings highlight the successful control of mumps in Poland.
  • Continued surveillance and public health interventions are crucial to maintain the declining trend and prevent future outbreaks.