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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Abdominal Aorta01:25

Abdominal Aorta

Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
The celiac trunk, a singular artery, divides into the left gastric artery, which...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery
05:39

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery

Published on: June 23, 2023

[Internal and external haemorrhoids].

J P Schuurman1, P M N Y H Go

  • 1St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, afd. Heelkunde, Nieuwegein.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|September 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case series highlights the distinct symptoms and origins of internal and external hemorrhoids. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, often surgical for external hemorrhoids, are key for symptom relief.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery

Background:

  • Hemorrhoidal disease encompasses both internal and external types, originating from different vascular structures.
  • Internal hemorrhoids arise from the intraluminal corpus cavernosum recti, while external hemorrhoids develop from perianal marginal veins.

Observation:

  • Case 1: A 27-year-old woman presented with painless rectal blood loss, indicative of internal hemorrhoids.
  • Case 2: A 76-year-old woman experienced anal swelling and pain for a year, suggesting external hemorrhoids.
  • Case 3: A 31-year-old man reported 3 days of severe anal pain, consistent with external hemorrhoids.

Findings:

  • Internal hemorrhoids typically manifest as rectal bleeding and a prolapse sensation during defecation.
  • External hemorrhoids are characterized by prominent pain in the perianal area.
  • The presented cases illustrate the varied clinical presentations of internal and external hemorrhoidal disease.

Implications:

  • Conservative or surgical management is indicated for internal hemorrhoids based on severity.
  • Surgical intervention offers the most effective and lasting symptom relief for external hemorrhoidal disease.
  • Understanding the anatomical origins and symptomatic differences is crucial for effective hemorrhoid treatment.