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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
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Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
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A Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Eating Disorder Analysis and Diagnosis
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Culture and conversion disorder: implications for DSM-5.

Richard J Brown1, Roberto Lewis-Fernández

  • 1School of Psychological Sciences at the Universityof Manchester, England. richard.james.brown@manchester.ac.uk

Psychiatry
|September 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cross-cultural research on conversion disorder supports revising diagnostic criteria, including eliminating Criterion B. Findings highlight symptom variability and strong links to dissociative and somatoform presentations across cultures.

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Area of Science:

  • Cross-cultural psychiatry
  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Mental health diagnostics

Background:

  • Conversion disorder diagnostic criteria are under revision for the DSM-5.
  • Key debates include the role of psychological factors (Criterion B) and its classification (dissociative vs. somatoform).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform DSM-5 revisions by examining cross-cultural evidence on conversion disorder.
  • To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and associated features of pseudoneurological symptoms globally.
  • To explore the relationship between conversion disorder, dissociative symptoms, and cultural syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted literature searches of mental health research focusing on culture, race, or ethnicity and conversion disorder, particularly since 1994.
  • Synthesized cross-cultural data on pseudoneurological symptoms and conversion disorder.

Main Results:

  • Cross-cultural variability exists in predominant symptoms, disorder prevalence, and associations with cultural syndromes.
  • Elimination of Criterion B is supported by the evidence.
  • Conversion disorder shows strong cross-cultural associations with both dissociative and somatoform presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated rates of trauma and psychiatric comorbidity are observed across cultures in conversion disorder.
  • The strong link to both dissociative and somatoform presentations challenges clear classification within the DSM-5.
  • Careful consideration of alternative classifications for conversion disorder is warranted.