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Spiders and spider bites.

D C Wilson1, L E King

  • 1Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Dermatologic Clinics
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brown recluse spider bite causes skin necrosis, while the black widow spider bite leads to neuromuscular symptoms. Prompt medical treatment is crucial for managing severe reactions to these medically significant spiders.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Only Loxosceles (brown recluse) and Latrodectus (black widow) spiders pose significant medical threats in the US.
  • Spider bites typically occur when spiders are trapped or crushed against skin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the medical importance and clinical presentation of brown recluse and black widow spider bites.
  • To outline appropriate treatment strategies for envenomation by these medically significant spiders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations of Loxosceles and Latrodectus envenomation.
  • Summary of current treatment protocols for spider bites, including wound care, medications, and surgical considerations.

Main Results:

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  • Brown recluse bites can cause dermonecrosis and, rarely, systemic loxoscelism with hemolysis; treatment involves wound care, antibiotics, dapsone, and delayed surgery.
  • Black widow bites primarily cause neuromuscular symptoms like muscle cramping and pain; treatment focuses on symptom management with pain control, muscle relaxants, and calcium gluconate.

Conclusions:

  • While many spiders bite, only a few species like the brown recluse and black widow have significant medical importance.
  • Effective management of severe spider bites relies on accurate diagnosis and timely, appropriate medical interventions.