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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
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Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...

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Candida albicans Biofilm Chip (CaBChip) for High-throughput Antifungal Drug Screening
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Published on: July 18, 2012

Devices in Onychomycosis: A Status Update.

Aditya K Gupta1, Amanda Liddy2, Tong Wang2

  • 1Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada; Mediprobe Research Inc, 645 Windermere Road, London, Ontario N5X 2P1, Canada.

Dermatologic Clinics
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Device-based therapies show promise for treating difficult nail fungus (onychomycosis). While evidence quality is low, these methods may improve nail health and reduce fungal load, offering a new frontier in treatment.

Keywords:
IontophoresisLaserNail drillingOnychomycosisPhotodynamic therapyPlasma therapyUltrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Onychomycosis is a persistent fungal nail infection.
  • Treatment is difficult due to nail plate barriers, long durations, and frequent recurrence.
  • Conventional therapies often have limitations in efficacy and patient compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on device-based modalities for onychomycosis management.
  • To assess the potential of novel technologies as adjunctive or alternative treatments.
  • To highlight the emerging role of device-based interventions in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating device-based treatments for onychomycosis.
  • Included modalities: lasers, photodynamic therapy, plasma therapy, ultrasound, iontophoresis, and nail drilling.
  • Analysis focused on reported clinical improvements and reduction in fungal burden.

Main Results:

  • Early studies indicate potential clinical benefits and reduced fungal load with device-based therapies.
  • Techniques explored include laser, photodynamic, plasma, ultrasound, iontophoresis, and nail drilling.
  • The overall quality of evidence supporting these modalities is currently low.

Conclusions:

  • Device-based modalities represent a promising area for onychomycosis treatment.
  • Further high-quality research is needed to establish definitive efficacy and optimal protocols.
  • These interventions offer potential adjunctive or alternative strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes.