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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis
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Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis

Published on: December 17, 2021

Viral anterior uveitis.

Aliza Jap1, Soon-Phaik Chee

  • 1Singapore National Eye Centre, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|September 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral anterior uveitis, often previously idiopathic, is increasingly diagnosed with advanced molecular tests. Herpes simplex virus/varicella zoster virus (HSV/VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are key causes, requiring specific antiviral treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Idiopathic anterior uveitis is increasingly linked to viral infections.
  • Molecular diagnostics have improved the identification of viral causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features of viral anterior uveitis.
  • To highlight diagnostic considerations and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features associated with viral anterior uveitis.
  • Discussion of diagnostic findings and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Herpes simplex virus/varicella zoster virus (HSV/VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are significant causes.
  • Clinical signs include keratic precipitates, iris atrophy, and ocular hypertension.
  • Acyclovir for HSV/VZV and ganciclovir for CMV are primary treatments, with high relapse rates for CMV.
  • Cataract and glaucoma are common complications.

Conclusions:

  • Viral anterior uveitides share overlapping features with noninfectious uveitis.
  • Caution with corticosteroids is advised without definitive viral diagnostic tests.