Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells on diabetic cardiomyopathy
S Van Linthout1, F Spillmann, H-P Schultheiss
1Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany. Sophie.van-linthout@charite.de
Insights
Mesenchymal stromal cells show promise in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy by managing hyperglycemia and directly improving cardiac function. This review explores their therapeutic potential and challenges in diabetes mellitus.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct heart condition in diabetes mellitus, characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and apoptosis.
- Key features include microangiopathy, endothelial dysfunction, abnormal calcium handling, and impaired cardiac stem cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
- To explore how MSCs indirectly impact hyperglycemia and directly address cardiac cellular consequences of diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing existing research on MSCs and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
- Analysis of MSC mechanisms including immunomodulation, anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis, and pro-angiogenesis.
Main Results:
- MSCs can modulate hyperglycemia and exert direct cardioprotective effects.
- Their benefits include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic actions.
- MSCs can also activate cardiac progenitor cells and protect endothelial function.
Conclusions:
- Mesenchymal stromal cells offer a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
- Addressing MSC dysfunction in diabetes is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes.
Abstract:
Diabetic cardiopathy includes a specific cardiomyopathy, which occurs in the absence of coronary heart disease under diabetes mellitus. Hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy are besides others, interstitial inflammation, cardiac oxidative stress, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, cardiac apoptosis, intramyocardial microangiopathy, endothelial dysfunction, abnormal intracellular Ca²⁺-handling, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and impaired cardiac stem cells. Since mesenchymal stromal cells have been shown to have anti-diabetic as well as cardioprotective features, we summarize in this review how they can indirectly affect diabetic cardiomyopathy via their influence on the metabolic trigger hyperglycemia, and how they can directly influence the cardiac cellular consequences typical for diabetic cardiomyopathy via their immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, and endothelial-protective features, and their ability to activate cardiac progenitor cells. Furthermore, the dysfunctionality of (bone marrow-derived) mesenchymal stromal cells under diabetes mellitus and potential strategies to overcome this impairment in cell functionality are outlined.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Mesenchymal Stem Cells
01:30Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy