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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
11:52

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: January 27, 2023

Soluble CD14 and CD14 polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis.

Ted R Mikuls1, Tricia D LeVan, Harlan Sayles

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. tmikuls@unmc.edu

The Journal of Rheumatology
|September 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels are elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and correlate with disease activity. Patient factors like age and race influence sCD14, but not CD14 gene variations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
11:52

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: January 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Soluble CD14 (sCD14) plays a role in innate immunity and is implicated in inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • Factors influencing sCD14 levels in RA remain largely unidentified.
  • This study investigates the relationship between sCD14 and RA disease activity/severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association of sCD14 concentrations with RA disease activity and severity.
  • To identify factors influencing sCD14 levels in RA patients.
  • To examine the role of CD14 gene polymorphisms in sCD14 expression in RA.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of serum samples from 1270 RA patients and 186 controls.
  • Measurement of sCD14 concentrations.
  • Ordinal logistic regression to assess associations with patient factors, RA disease activity/severity, and CD14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Main Results:

  • RA patients exhibited higher sCD14 levels than controls (p < 0.0001).
  • Higher sCD14 was associated with older age, White race, lower BMI, elevated hs-CRP, and higher DAS28 scores.
  • No significant association was found between CD14 SNPs and sCD14 levels.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating sCD14 levels are elevated in RA and correlate positively with disease activity.
  • Patient demographics (age, race) and inflammatory markers significantly influence sCD14 levels in RA.
  • Genetic variations in CD14 do not appear to affect sCD14 levels in RA patients.