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Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians
04:37

Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians

Published on: May 12, 2019

Updates in hormonal emergency contraception.

Sarah P Shrader1, Larissa N Hall, Kelly R Ragucci

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina Campus, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. shrader@musc.edu

Pharmacotherapy
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormonal emergency contraception options like levonorgestrel and ulipristal delay ovulation to prevent pregnancy. Ulipristal is effective up to 120 hours, and research debunks myths about increased sexual risk-taking behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pharmacology
  • Contraception

Background:

  • Hormonal emergency contraception (EC) has seen recent advancements.
  • Levonorgestrel EC is available over-the-counter for individuals 17 and older, primarily acting by delaying ovulation.
  • Ulipristal EC, a newer prescription option, also delays ovulation and is approved for use up to 120 hours post-unprotected intercourse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review updates in hormonal emergency contraception.
  • To compare the efficacy and mechanisms of levonorgestrel and ulipristal EC.
  • To address misconceptions surrounding EC use and access.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on hormonal EC.
  • Comparison of levonorgestrel and ulipristal EC efficacy and mechanisms of action.
  • Analysis of research on the behavioral effects and access to EC.

Main Results:

  • Both levonorgestrel and ulipristal EC primarily delay ovulation.
  • Ulipristal EC is noninferior to levonorgestrel EC in preventing pregnancy and may retain efficacy up to 120 hours.
  • Evidence does not support that increased EC access leads to higher sexual risk-taking behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Ulipristal EC offers an extended window of use compared to levonorgestrel EC.
  • Further research is needed to confirm ulipristal EC's efficacy between 72 and 120 hours.
  • Increased education for healthcare providers, especially pharmacists, is crucial for effective EC counseling and access.