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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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Published on: February 3, 2012

Cytokeratins in hepatitis.

Yusuf Yilmaz1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Pendik, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey. yusufyilmaz@uludag.edu.tr

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cytokeratins (CK) are released into the blood during liver injury and may serve as biomarkers for hepatitis. This review examines CK levels in viral and nonviral hepatitis, linking them to liver histology and injury mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cytokeratins (CK) are expressed in hepatocytes and released into circulation following liver injury.
  • Increasing interest in CK as potential biomarkers for hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis in hepatitis.
  • CK alterations are being investigated in various forms of viral and nonviral hepatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and discuss changes in circulating CK levels in viral and nonviral hepatitis.
  • To explore the relationship between CK levels and liver histology in hepatitis.
  • To enhance understanding of hepatitis-induced liver injury mechanisms involving CK.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of circulating CK levels in patients with viral and nonviral hepatitis.

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  • Correlation of CK levels with liver histology findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Circulating CK levels are altered in various forms of viral and nonviral hepatitis.
    • Evidence suggests CK can indicate hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis.
    • Potential correlations between CK levels and liver histology are being explored.

    Conclusions:

    • Circulating cytokeratins show promise as biomarkers for liver injury in hepatitis.
    • Further research into CK mechanisms in hepatitis can improve understanding of liver disease.
    • Investigating the interplay between hepatitis and CK levels is a key area for future research.