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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Risk, reward, and economic decision making in aging.

David R Roalf¹, Suzanne H Mitchell, William T Harbaugh

¹Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. droalf@gmail.com

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences

|September 20, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults exhibit domain-specific decision-making differences, being more risk-averse in social economic contexts. This increased risk aversion influences their financial decisions, particularly in social bargaining and giving games, impacting outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroeconomics
Behavioral Economics

Background:

Decision-making quality is often perceived as lower in older adults compared to younger adults.
This age-related decline is frequently attributed to reduced risk tolerance.
Limited understanding exists regarding factors influencing older adults' decisions and the direct impact of risk attitudes on economic choices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of risk attitudes on age-related decision-making differences.
To examine decision-making in both nonsocial and social economic contexts.
To determine if risk aversion in older adults affects economic choices.

Main Methods:

Measured risk attitudes and economic decision-making in 30 healthy older adults and 29 healthy younger adults.
Assessed nonsocial economic decision-making tasks.
Utilized social bargaining and social-giving economic games.

Main Results:

Older adults reported lower impulsivity, sensation seeking, and risk tolerance than younger adults.
No significant age-related differences were observed in nonsocial economic decision-making.
Older adults were more prone to reject unfair monetary divisions and favored equitable divisions in social games, influenced by self-reported risk-taking.

Conclusions:

Age-related decision-making variations are domain-specific, with social economic decisions influenced by risk attitudes.
Older adults' increased risk aversion did not affect their patience for rewards in nonsocial contexts.
Higher perceived risk correlated with reluctance to accept unfair offers in social economic scenarios, leading to suboptimal outcomes for older adults.