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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...

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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Structural changes in the brain in schizophrenia a computed tomographic study.

S K Jayaswal1, H M Chawla, R K Goulatia

  • 1Lecturer, Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain imaging in schizophrenia reveals enlarged lateral ventricles and wider third ventricle and sylvian fissure in patients compared to controls. These structural brain differences were not linked to illness duration or electro-convulsive therapy history.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with suspected neurobiological underpinnings.
  • Previous research suggests structural brain abnormalities may be associated with schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential differences in specific brain structure sizes between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
  • To explore correlations between these brain findings, illness duration, and electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) history.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain were acquired for 30 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  • Measurements included the size of lateral ventricles (ventricular brain ratio), the width of the third ventricle, and the sylvian fissure.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenic patients exhibited significantly larger lateral ventricles (ventricular brain ratio), a wider third ventricle, and a wider sylvian fissure compared to the control group (P<0.001).
  • No significant correlation was found between the duration of the illness and the measured cerebral findings.
  • No significant differences in brain structure measurements were observed between schizophrenic patients with and without a history of electro-convulsive therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate significant structural brain alterations, specifically enlarged ventricles and fissures, compared to controls.
  • These observed brain abnormalities do not appear to be directly related to the duration of the illness or prior ECT treatment in this cohort.