Exploring the relationship between snake bites and post-traumatic stress disorder: A prospective study on associated...

Snakebite envenomation is a major public health issue in tropical regions like South India, yet its psychological consequences, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), remain underexplored.

To evaluate mental health outcomes and identify risk factors for PTSD among snakebite survivors.

This prospective observational study enrolled 98 adult snakebite patients at a tertiary care center, selected based on inclusion criteria and data completion. Sociodemographic, bite incident, and clinical data were collected via semi-structured interviews. PTSD severity was assessed longitudinally over 6 months using the short PTSD rating interview (SPRINT) scale. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyzed associations between variables and PTSD.

Of the 98 participants, 38.78% developed PTSD (21.43% mild, 15.31% moderate, 2.04% severe). Significant associations with PTSD included rural residence (P = 0.012, OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.16-3.39), venomous snakebites (P < 0.001, OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.32-4.56), bite site (P = 0.003), loss of consciousness (P = 0.002, OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.67-5.83), and delayed hospital arrival (>4 hours, P = 0.004, OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.45-5.76).

PTSD is a significant concern among snakebite survivors, with identifiable risk factors. Integrated care combining medical and psychological interventions is essential for recovery. Future longitudinal studies and targeted interventions are needed.