Disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock. Multisystem crisis in the critically ill

Acute primary conditions can produce pathophysiologic alterations in the normal coagulation mechanism to promote the simultaneous hemorrhagic and thrombotic events of DIC with the resultant development of shock. Additionally, as shock progresses, it can cause alterations in the hemostatic mechanism to produce DIC. The appearance of DIC in shock and shock in DIC are potentially life-threatening conditions in the critically ill. Medical management can include anticoagulant therapy, such as heparin, and replacement of clotting factors and platelets. The intensive, knowledgeable nursing management of the patient includes physiological and psychological support and can be vital to minimize the mortality and morbidity associated with DIC and shock.