Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Schemata01:17

Schemata

A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.
Two types of schemata are:
Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He employed introspection, a method...
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predicting amyloid status in Primary Progressive Aphasia using explainable artificial intelligence.

NPJ dementia·2026
Same author

Comparison helps children form broad explanations.

Child development·2026
Same author

The role of language in forming the concepts same and different.

Cognition·2026
Same author

Structural Alignment and Linguistic Contrast Help Children Learn a Key Principle of Spatial Construction.

Cognitive science·2025
Same author

Data analysis strategies for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program.

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Enabling FAIR data stewardship in complex international multi-site studies: Data Operations for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program.

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025
Same journal

Pronoun Resolution in Turkish: The Interplay of Referential Form, Word Order, and Implicit Causality.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

What's in a Color?: Language, Synesthesia, and Categorical Perception.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Reasoning Beyond Explicit Rules: Adults' and Children's Use of Closure Principles in Novel Cases.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Intermediary Object States Are Activated by Sentences Describing Completed Events.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Large Language Models Estimate Fine-Grained Human Color-Concept Associations.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Computational Models of Causal Reasoning: Bayesian Accounts of Normative Violations.

Cognitive science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension
06:49

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

Structure-mapping in metaphor comprehension.

Phillip Wolff1, Dedre Gentner

  • 1Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. pwolff@emory.edu

Cognitive Science
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metaphor processing is initially symmetric, allowing concept exploration. Later, it becomes directional, favoring familiar base domains for clearer understanding, impacting metaphor theory.

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG
06:04

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG

Published on: June 14, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension
06:49

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG
06:04

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG

Published on: June 14, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Metaphor is understood as either a directional process (base domain to target) or a symmetric process (finding commonalities).
  • Existing theories often capture only one aspect of metaphor processing.
  • A unified model is needed to explain both directional and symmetric aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and test a structure-mapping model of metaphor processing that integrates both symmetric and directional aspects.
  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of metaphor comprehension.

Main Methods:

  • Collected comprehensibility judgments for forward and reversed metaphors.
  • Utilized a deadline procedure to manipulate early and late stages of processing.

Main Results:

  • No directional preference was observed in the early stages of processing.
  • An advantage for the forward direction (base to target) emerged in the later stages of processing.

Conclusions:

  • Metaphor processing involves an initial symmetric alignment phase followed by a directional inference projection phase.
  • The findings support a dual-process model of metaphor comprehension, reconciling previous theoretical divides.