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Role of everolimus in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
1UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Abstract:
Survival from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has not improved over the past two decades and, until recently, streptozocin was the last therapeutic agent approved for this malignancy. Everolimus blocks mTOR, which plays an integral role in cell growth, mitosis and angiogenesis. Abnormal PI3K-Akt/PKB-mTOR pathway signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In a Phase III study, patients with low- and intermediate-grade advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were randomized to receive everolimus 10 mg/day or placebo. Median progression-free survival was significantly greater in patients treated with everolimus than placebo - 11 versus 4.6 months - and drug-related adverse events were consistent with the known side-effect profile of everolimus. Everolimus represents a significant treatment development for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Insights
Everolimus significantly improved progression-free survival in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This mTOR inhibitor offers a new therapeutic option where survival rates have stagnated for years.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) have shown stagnant survival rates for over 20 years.
- Limited therapeutic advancements, with streptozocin being the last approved agent until recently.
- Aberrant PI3K-Akt/PKB-mTOR pathway signaling is implicated in PNET pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of everolimus in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- To assess the impact of everolimus on progression-free survival (PFS).
Main Methods:
- A Phase III randomized controlled trial.
- Patients with low- and intermediate-grade advanced PNETs were assigned to receive either everolimus (10 mg/day) or a placebo.
- Progression-free survival and adverse events were monitored.
Main Results:
- Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the everolimus group (11 months) compared to the placebo group (4.6 months).
- Drug-related adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of everolimus.
- Everolimus demonstrated a significant benefit in delaying tumor progression.
Conclusions:
- Everolimus represents a significant therapeutic advancement for patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- Targeting the mTOR pathway with everolimus is an effective strategy for PNET treatment.
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