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Updated: May 29, 2026
08:46
Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity
Published on: January 15, 2014
The polymorphism of ice: five unresolved questions.
Christoph G Salzmann1, Paolo G Radaelli, Ben Slater
1Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. c.g.salzmann@durham.ac.uk
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 28, 2011
Summary
Scientists discovered three new ice phases, bringing the total to fifteen known polymorphs. This research explores open questions in ice phase transitions and properties.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Materials Science
- Physical Chemistry
Background:
- The study of ice polymorphs is crucial for understanding materials under various conditions.
- Fifteen distinct phases of ice are now known, with recent discoveries expanding this knowledge.
- Hydrogen ordering and disordering in ice phases present complex scientific challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a perspective on recent advancements in ice phase research.
- To highlight key open questions and future research directions in the field of ice polymorphs.
- To discuss the implications of new ice phases on our understanding of water's phase diagram.
Main Methods:
- Review of previous work and recent studies on ice polymorphs.
- Analysis of calorimetric data for crystalline and amorphous ice phases.
- Comparison of experimental structural data with computational predictions for ice XV.
Main Results:
- Discovery of three new ice phases, increasing the total known polymorphs to fifteen.
- Identification of open questions regarding hydrogen ordering, calorimetric data discrepancies, and structural predictions.
- Exploration of new frontiers in the high and negative pressure regions of the ice phase diagram.
Conclusions:
- The field of ice polymorphs continues to evolve with new discoveries and emerging questions.
- Further research is needed to resolve discrepancies between experimental and computational findings.
- Understanding ice phases at extreme pressures is a critical area for future investigation.
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