Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Estimation of k and VD of Aminoglycosides01:20

Estimation of k and VD of Aminoglycosides

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics used to treat various bacterial infections. Clinicians must determine the elimination rate constant (k) and volume of distribution (VD) to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity. The k value represents the rate at which the drug is removed from the body, and the VD reflects the degree to which the drug distributes into body tissues. Accurately estimating these parameters allows healthcare professionals to tailor drug dosing to individual...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluating Dalbavancin Suppression Therapy in Patients at High Risk for Recurrent Infections.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy·2026
Same author

Importance of Residency Training for the Provision of Comprehensive Clinical Pharmacy Services.

Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP·2026
Same author

Real-World Comparison of Intravenous vs. Oral Antimicrobial Therapy for Bone and Joint Infections.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Associations between Tobacco Use and Tobacco Cessation Pharmacotherapy on Rehospitalizations.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same author

Knowledge and Confidence of Physician Assistant Students in Managing Patients with a Documented Penicillin Allergy.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Real-world effectiveness of dalbavancin for invasive gram-positive bacterial infections.

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Dalbavancin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria that Grow Aerobically
11:28

A Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Dalbavancin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria that Grow Aerobically

Published on: September 9, 2015

Relationship between vancomycin trough concentrations and nephrotoxicity: a prospective multicenter trial.

John A Bosso1, Jean Nappi, Celeste Rudisill

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcome Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston and Columbia, South Carolina 29425, USA. bossoja@musc.edu

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Higher vancomycin doses targeting trough concentrations above 15 mg/liter increase nephrotoxicity risk in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. This study found a 3-fold increased risk, highlighting the need for careful dosing strategies.

More Related Videos

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
06:18

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials

Published on: March 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

A Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Dalbavancin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria that Grow Aerobically
11:28

A Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Dalbavancin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria that Grow Aerobically

Published on: September 9, 2015

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
06:18

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Previous studies suggest a link between high vancomycin doses and nephrotoxicity.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections necessitate effective vancomycin treatment.
  • Optimizing vancomycin dosing is crucial to balance efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate the incidence of nephrotoxicity in relation to vancomycin trough concentrations.
  • To identify risk factors for vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in MRSA infections.
  • To determine the threshold for vancomycin trough concentration associated with increased nephrotoxicity risk.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 288 adult patients with MRSA infections receiving vancomycin for ≥72 hours.
  • Vancomycin trough concentrations were measured under steady-state conditions.
  • Nephrotoxicity defined as a ≥0.5 mg/dl or ≥50% increase in serum creatinine; multivariate analysis controlled for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Nephrotoxicity occurred in 29.6% of patients with vancomycin trough concentrations >15 mg/ml versus 8.9% with concentrations ≤15 mg/ml.
  • Multivariate analysis identified vancomycin trough concentrations >15 mg/ml and black race as independent risk factors for nephrotoxicity.
  • Vancomycin trough concentrations >15 mg/ml were associated with a 3-fold increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Vancomycin trough concentrations >15 mg/ml are associated with a significantly increased risk of nephrotoxicity in patients with MRSA infections.
  • Current dosing strategies aiming for higher trough concentrations may need re-evaluation to minimize renal injury.
  • Race (black) emerged as an independent risk factor for nephrotoxicity in this population.