Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
Published on: June 2, 2018
Is there any sense in the Palisade endings of eye muscles?
Karoline Lienbacher1, Michael Mustari, Bernhard Hess
1Institute of Anatomy I, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany. karoline.lienbacher@med.uni-muenchen.de
Abstract:
Palisade endings (PEs), which are unique to the eye muscles, are associated with multiply innervated muscle fibers. They lie at the myotendinous junctions and form a cap around the muscle fiber tip. They are found in all animals investigated so far, but their function is not known. Recently, we demonstrated that cell bodies of PEs and tendon organs lie around the periphery of the oculomotor nucleus in the C- and S-groups. A morphological analysis of these peripheral neurons revealed the existence of different populations within the C-group. We propose that a small group of round or spindle-shaped cells gives rise to PEs, and another group of multipolar neurons provide the multiple motor endings. If PEs have a sensory function, then their cell body location close to motor neurons would be in an ideal location to control tension in extraocular muscles; in the case of the C-group, its proximity to the preganglionic neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus would permit its participation in the near response. Despite their unusual properties, PEs may have a sensory function.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles of the Eye
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Accessory Structures of the Eye
Anatomy of the Eyeball
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
Sensory Functions of the Skin
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
Introduction to Special Senses

