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CAPD peritonitis. Incidence, pathogens, diagnosis, and management.

M G Saklayen1

  • 1Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Peritonitis is a common complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), often caused by contamination. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for successful CAPD programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Complications

Background:

  • Peritonitis is a frequent complication in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
  • Approximately 60% of CAPD patients experience at least one peritonitis episode within the first year.
  • Common causes include touch contamination and catheter site infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, common pathogens, and management of peritonitis in CAPD.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment for CAPD success.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CAPD peritonitis.
  • Analysis of common causative organisms, including Staphylococcus species.
  • Discussion of treatment strategies, including antibiotic therapy and catheter management.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus species (coagulase-negative and -positive) are the most common pathogens, causing over 50% of CAPD peritonitis.
  • Gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi constitute the remaining cases.
  • Intraperitoneal antibiotics are generally effective, but fungal and some Pseudomonas infections may necessitate catheter removal.

Conclusions:

  • Peritonitis remains a major complication of CAPD despite advancements in techniques.
  • Effective management relies on accurate identification of causative agents and appropriate treatment.
  • Successful CAPD programs depend on vigilant monitoring and prompt intervention for peritonitis.

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