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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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Related Experiment Videos

Gout: current insights and future perspectives.

Howard S Smith1, Donna Bracken, Joshua M Smith

  • 1Albany Medical College, Department of Anesthesiology, Albany, New York 12208, USA. smithh@mail.amc.edu

The Journal of Pain
|September 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gout, a painful inflammatory arthritis, is increasingly affecting older adults. Recent research offers new insights into gout

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Immunology
  • Inflammatory Arthritis Research

Background:

  • Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis, historically prevalent in middle-aged men.
  • Increasing incidence in the elderly population and significant impact on quality of life.
  • Resurgence in research interest due to novel evidence in diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of gout.
  • To discuss current and future directions in gout management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence on gout.
  • Synthesis of information on assessment, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and predisposing factors.
  • Exploration of pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Gout presents with severe pain and affects patient quality of life.
  • Novel understanding of gout pathophysiology involving the inflammasome.
  • Emergence of new therapeutic agents influencing management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Gout is an underappreciated and extremely painful condition.
  • Recent advancements in understanding gout pathophysiology and new therapeutic agents have transformed management approaches.