[Bleeding and pain following anal surgery]

Bleeding and pain are frequent complications, following proctological procedures. Their intensity however, can be influenced by the therapist. Through careful hemostasis and wound closure the risk of bleeding is greatly reduced so that most procedures can be done on an outpatient basis. The intensity of pain experienced by the patient is very much personality dependent and is in general unpredictable. Pain can be reduced by using an improved technique (high position of rubber-band ligation, manual anal dilation). This paper deals mainly with bleeding and pain following treatment of external hemorrhoids, inner piles, fissure-in-ano, abscesses and fistulae.