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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
08:12

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker

Published on: January 3, 2019

Structural and functional insights into eukaryotic mRNA decapping.

Sharon H M Ling1, Rohini Qamra, Haiwei Song

  • 1Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|September 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) decapping, a key step in gene expression regulation, is controlled by protein factors. Understanding these factors and their structural changes is crucial for regulating mRNA fate.

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Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)
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Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
08:12

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker

Published on: January 3, 2019

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)
09:26

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)

Published on: July 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and degradation are critical for eukaryotic gene expression.
  • mRNA decapping is a central regulatory step in 5'→3' decay pathways, controlling mRNA degradation.
  • The decapping holoenzyme, comprising Dcp2 and Dcp1, removes the mRNA cap structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent structural and functional studies of protein factors regulating mRNA decapping.
  • To elucidate the role of conformational changes in decapping enzyme regulation.
  • To highlight the importance of decapping as a checkpoint for mRNA fate determination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural and kinetic studies.
  • Analysis of protein-factor interactions in mRNA decapping.
  • Examination of conformational changes in the decapping enzyme.

Main Results:

  • Dcp1 and substrate RNA stabilize a closed enzyme conformation.
  • The catalytic step of decapping is rate-limiting and accelerated by Dcp1.
  • Conformational transitions between open and closed states are key regulatory checkpoints.

Conclusions:

  • Protein factors play a vital role in regulating mRNA decapping.
  • Understanding the structural dynamics of the decapping enzyme is essential for comprehending gene expression control.
  • Regulation of the open-closed transition is a critical checkpoint for mRNA fate.