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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:32

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

Trans-splicing.

Erika L Lasda1, Thomas Blumenthal

  • 1University of Colorado Denver, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|September 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trans-splicing, joining RNA segments from different molecules, occurs in two main types: genic and spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing. Its evolutionary origins and functions beyond operon resolution remain key research questions.

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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Trans-splicing involves joining portions of two separate pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) molecules.
  • Two categories exist: genic trans-splicing (joining exons from different pre-mRNAs) and spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing (using an exon from a specialized SL RNA).
  • Both processes utilize similar signals and components as cis-splicing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary origins of trans-splicing.
  • To investigate the functional roles of trans-splicing, particularly SL trans-splicing.
  • To understand the implications of genic trans-splicing in various organisms and disease states.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of trans-splicing mechanisms across diverse phyla.
  • Investigation of genetic and molecular components involved in both genic and SL trans-splicing.
  • Examination of the association between genic trans-splicing and cellular processes like cancer.

Main Results:

  • Genic trans-splicing producing protein-coding mRNAs is observed in organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila.
  • Genic trans-splicing is linked to cancers and translocations in mammalian cells.
  • SL trans-splicing is detected across diverse phyla, including primitive chordates, suggesting a broad evolutionary presence.

Conclusions:

  • The widespread occurrence of SL trans-splicing across diverse phyla raises significant questions about its evolutionary history.
  • The functional significance of trans-splicing, especially SL trans-splicing, extends beyond simple operon resolution.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the evolutionary pathways and functional diversity of trans-splicing mechanisms.