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Mechanisms of weight maintenance under high- and low-protein, low-glycaemic index diets
Isabel Rubio-Aliaga1, Laure F Marvin-Guy, Ping Wang
1Functional Genomics Group, Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. isabel.rubioaliaga@rdls.nestle.com
Scope:
Weight maintenance after intended weight loss is a challenge in an obesogenic environment. In a large multicentre dietary intervention study (DiOGenes), it has recently been demonstrated that a high-protein/low-glycaemic index (HP/LGI) diet was slightly more efficient in maintaining weight loss than low-protein/LGI or high-GI (LP/LGI or HGI) diets. Here, we use a proteomic approach to assess the molecular mechanisms behind this positive effect.
Methods And Results:
A subset of the most successful (weight loser, n=12) and unsuccessful (weight re-gainer, n=12) individuals consuming the LGI diets with either high- or low-protein content (HP or LP/LGI), following an initial calorie deficit run-in weight loss phase, were analyzed at the plasma protein level. Proteomic analysis revealed 18 proteins regulated after 6 months of the dietary weight maintenance phase. Furthermore, 12 proteins were significantly regulated as a function of success rate under an HP diet, arising as candidate biomarkers of mechanisms of successful weight maintenance under an HP/LGI diet. Pregnancy-zone protein (PZP) and protein S (PROS1) were revealed as novel biomarkers of weight maintenance showing opposite effects.
Conclusion:
Semantic network analysis of the 12 regulated proteins revealed that under an HP/LGI an anti-atherogenic effect and alterations of fat metabolism were associated with the success of maintaining the initial weight loss.
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