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Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
08:50

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

Organellar RNA editing.

Anne-Laure Chateigner-Boutin1, Ian Small

  • 1UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRA, Nantes, France.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|September 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA editing alters RNA sequences, differing from the gene. This process, frequent in eukaryotic organelles, likely evolved independently multiple times to correct DNA mutations affecting protein synthesis.

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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
09:51

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • RNA editing modifies RNA sequences post-transcriptionally, creating divergence from the genomic DNA.
  • This phenomenon is widespread across diverse organisms, with notable prevalence in eukaryotic organelle transcripts.
  • The independent evolutionary origins and varied mechanisms suggest significant selective pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary origins and functional significance of RNA editing.
  • To investigate the selection pressures maintaining RNA editing across different taxa.
  • To understand the role of RNA editing in correcting genetic defects in organelle genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of RNA editing across different organisms.
  • Phylogenetic studies to infer independent evolutionary events.
  • Biochemical characterization of editing machinery in various taxonomic groups.

Main Results:

  • RNA editing exhibits a discontinuous phylogenetic distribution, indicating multiple independent origins.
  • Editing machinery differs significantly across taxonomic groups, further supporting independent evolution.
  • Editing is prevalent in organisms with atypical organelle genomes, correcting deleterious DNA mutations.

Conclusions:

  • RNA editing has evolved convergently multiple times, driven by the need to maintain functional protein synthesis.
  • The primary role of RNA editing appears to be the correction of DNA-encoded errors in organelle transcripts.
  • While other functions like generating protein diversity are proposed, evidence remains limited, especially in organelles.