Cyanoacrylates in dentistry: a review of the literature

A discussion of the uses of cyanoacrylates in dentistry and an update of the literature have been presented. The biocompatibility and histotoxicity of this material has been considered. Studies have shown that the higher homologues are more tissue compatible than the lower. Local tissue responses show histiocytic proliferation and formation of giant cells. The foreign body cell responses are more pronounced when cyanoacrylate is placed deep in an extraction socket and under tissue flaps when compared with superficial application of the adhesive. While cyanoacrylate-induced neoplasia has been a concern, long-term studies are needed to provide more light on this and other histotoxicity problems. Cyanoacrylates are bacteriostatic for many bacterial types. It is apparent that cyanoacrylates could have some useful clinical applications in periodontics and oral surgery. They are very effective tissue adhesives and their use as a nonsuturing material would provide many advantages. Research indicates that use should be restricted to superficial application. The hemostatic properties of this material have been confirmed in virtually every study, but it should be used judiciously for this purpose. Several other potential periodontal and oral surgery applications were considered. It is expected that future research will examine new applications of the material for surgical use. Preventive and restorative applications were also discussed, but unfortunately, these have not met with much success. Newer techniques and materials seem superior in this aspect of dentistry. Possible application may eventually be shown in the desensitizing of dentin and cementum. Endodontic applications were also considered. While most studies indicate that cyanoacrylate would make an acceptable pulp-capping material, calcium hydroxide is still the material of choice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)