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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...

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Net Fluorescein Flux Across Corneal Endothelium Strongly Suggests Fluid Transport is due to Electro-osmosis.

The Journal of membrane biology·2016
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[Ouabain switches Na+ transport to Na+/Na+ equivalent exchange in normal and apoptotic lymphoid cells].

Biofizika·2014
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[A new approach to the electrostatic stabilization of cations in the aqueous cavity of K+ channel: the role of nonlocal-electrostatic effects].

Tsitologiia·2012
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[Regulatory volume increase (RVI) and apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) in U937 cells placed into hyperosmotic medium].

Tsitologiia·2011
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[Role of image force in a water pore of K+ channel in the channel permeability--nonlocal electrostatic effects].

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[Changes in K+, Na+ and Cl- contents and K+ and Cl- fluxes during apoptosis of U937 cells by staurosporine. On the mechanism of cell dehydration in apoptosis].

Tsitologiia·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

[On the theory of apoptotic decrease of the cell volume].

A A Rubashkin

    Tsitologiia
    |October 4, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study applies a dynamic membrane transport model to apoptosis, revealing that altered ion channel permeability and cotransporter function decrease U937 cell volume and depolarize the plasma membrane during staurosporine-induced apoptosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Biophysics
    • Computational Biology

    Context:

    • Apoptosis is a critical cellular process involving significant changes in cell physiology.
    • Understanding the biophysical mechanisms driving apoptotic changes is essential for disease research.
    • Previous models focused on specific ion transport mechanisms, not integrated dynamic changes.

    Purpose:

    • To apply a dynamic model of membrane transport to analyze apoptotic processes for the first time.
    • To investigate the role of ion channel and cotransporter function in cell volume and membrane potential changes during apoptosis.
    • To correlate biophysical changes with U937 cell apoptosis induced by staurosporine.

    Summary:

    • A dynamic model simulating ion content, cell volume, and membrane potential was used to study apoptosis.

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    Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity
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    Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity

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    Quantification of Cellular Densities and Antigenic Properties using Magnetic Levitation
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    Quantification of Cellular Densities and Antigenic Properties using Magnetic Levitation

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    Last Updated: May 28, 2026

    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
    09:18

    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

    Published on: December 27, 2016

    Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity
    12:17

    Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity

    Published on: August 12, 2018

    Quantification of Cellular Densities and Antigenic Properties using Magnetic Levitation
    05:25

    Quantification of Cellular Densities and Antigenic Properties using Magnetic Levitation

    Published on: May 17, 2021

  • Increased K+ and Cl(-) channel permeability, decreased Na+ permeability, and impaired Na+/K+ pump, KCC, and NC cotransporters were identified.
  • These changes result in decreased U937 cell volume and plasma membrane depolarization during staurosporine-induced apoptosis.

    • Impact:

    • Provides novel insights into the biophysical underpinnings of apoptotic cell volume regulation.
    • Demonstrates the utility of dynamic membrane transport modeling in understanding complex cellular processes like apoptosis.
    • Offers a quantitative framework for future research on cell death and related pathologies.