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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...

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mTOR signaling in disease.

Eva Dazert1, Michael N Hall

  • 1Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH4056 Basel, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|October 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, particularly mammalian TOR (mTOR), regulates cell growth and metabolism. Dysregulation of this pathway is linked to diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders.

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Published on: March 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a crucial serine/threonine kinase conserved across species.
  • Mammalian TOR (mTOR) integrates signals from nutrients, growth factors, and cellular energy status.
  • Aberrant mTOR signaling is associated with various pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent scientific findings on the role of mTOR.
  • To highlight mTOR's involvement in cancer, metabolic disorders, neurological diseases, and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on mTOR signaling.
  • Analysis of research linking mTOR to disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • mTOR plays a central role in controlling cell growth, metabolism, and aging.
  • Dysregulated mTOR signaling is implicated in the development and progression of major diseases.
  • Specific roles of mTOR in cancer, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders, and inflammation are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The mTOR pathway is a critical regulator of cellular processes.
  • Understanding mTOR signaling is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases linked to its dysregulation.