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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...

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Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
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Evaluating the link between self-assembled mesophase structure and drug release.

Stephanie Phan1, Wye-Khay Fong, Nigel Kirby

  • 1Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
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Summary

This study explored glyceryl monooleate (GMO) liquid crystal phases for drug delivery. The bicontinuous cubic phase (V2) showed faster release than other phases, challenging its use for sustained release applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Lipid-based liquid crystalline materials are promising for drug delivery due to their tunable nanostructures.
  • Previous studies focused on reversed bicontinuous cubic (V2) and inverse hexagonal (H2) phases for controlled release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate drug release from micellar cubic (I2) and inverse micellar (L2) phases, in addition to V2 and H2 phases.
  • To understand the influence of different liquid crystal nanostructures on drug release kinetics.
  • To compare glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and phytantriol based systems.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of four liquid crystal phases (V2, H2, I2, L2) from GMO and hexadecane (HD) in water.
  • Phase identification using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
  • In vitro release studies using radio-labelled glucose as a model drug.

Main Results:

  • Four GMO-based mesophases (V2, H2, I2, L2) were identified with increasing HD content.
  • Drug release followed first-order diffusion kinetics.
  • Release rates varied: V2 > L2 > H2 > I2, with V2 showing the fastest release.

Conclusions:

  • The water compartment structure (open vs. closed) significantly impacts drug release rate.
  • The bicontinuous cubic phase (V2), while offering fast release, may not be optimal for sustained drug delivery.
  • Other liquid crystalline phases with slower release kinetics could be more suitable for sustained release applications.