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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:29

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Major Components of the Light Microscope
08:08

Major Components of the Light Microscope

Published on: July 30, 2008

Microscope objectives.

Joseph LoBiondo1, Mortimer Abramowitz2, Marc M Friedman3

  • 1Nikon Instruments, Melville, New York.

Current Protocols in Cytometry
|October 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microscope objectives are key for image cytometry. Understanding their types, aberrations, and applications ensures proper selection for accurate imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Microscopy
  • Optical Imaging
  • Image Cytometry

Background:

  • The objective lens is the primary image-forming component in microscopy.
  • Selecting appropriate objectives is critical for accurate image cytometry.
  • Understanding objective characteristics is essential for researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss aberrations in image formation and their correction.
  • To detail the construction and types of microscope objectives.
  • To review objectives for various microscopy applications, including their pros and cons.

Main Methods:

  • Review of optical principles related to objective lenses.
  • Discussion of common optical aberrations (e.g., spherical, chromatic).
  • Categorization of objective types based on design and application.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of how aberrations affect image quality.
  • Comparison of different objective designs (e.g., achromatic, apochromatic, plan).
  • Analysis of suitability for specific microscopy techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Proper objective selection enhances image quality and data accuracy in image cytometry.
  • Knowledge of aberrations and correction methods is vital for optimal performance.
  • Diverse objective types cater to specialized microscopy needs.