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Cell Migration

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.

Cell Migration

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: June 18, 2014

Cellular migration to electrospun poly(lactic acid) fibermats.

Kie Fujikura¹, Akiko Obata, Toshihiro Kasuga

¹a Department of Frontier Materials , Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho , Showa-ku , Nagoya , 466-8555 , Japan.

Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition

|October 5, 2011

Summary

Electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibermats show potential for bone tissue engineering. Larger fiber diameters (10 μm) enhanced osteoblast-like cell migration into the scaffold compared to smaller diameters (2 μm).

Keywords:

Electrospinning MC3T3-E1 cell cell migration fibermat poly(lactic acid)tissue-engineering scaffold

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Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering

Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering

Published on: August 9, 2012

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: June 18, 2014

Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering

Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering

Published on: August 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Cell Biology

Background:

Electrospun nonwoven fabrics, or fibermats, are promising scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibermats with varying fiber diameters were fabricated using electrospinning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of fiber diameter on osteoblast-like cell (MC3T3-E1) migration into PLLA scaffolds.
To compare cell migration under normal and anti-gravity conditions.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of PLLA fibermats with fiber diameters of 10 μm (Sample A), 5 μm (Sample B), and 2 μm (Sample C) via electrospinning.
Seeding MC3T3-E1 cells onto fibermats and culturing under normal and anti-gravity conditions.
Observation of cell migration using laser confocal microscopy.

Main Results:

MC3T3-E1 cells migrated significantly into 10-μm fibermats (Sample A), reaching ~90 μm thickness under normal conditions and ~60 μm under anti-gravity.
Minimal cell layer thickness increase was observed in 2-μm fibermats (Sample C).
Cellular proliferation was not significantly different across fiber diameters, but growth morphology varied (2D on 2-μm fibers, 3D on 10-μm fibers).

Conclusions:

PLLA fibermats with larger fiber diameters (10 μm) promote enhanced osteoblast-like cell migration into the scaffold.
Fiber diameter is a critical factor influencing cell infiltration in electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
The study provides insights into scaffold design for improved bone regeneration.