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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
08:08

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Self/non-self discrimination in angiosperm self-incompatibility.

Megumi Iwano1, Seiji Takayama

  • 1Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan. m-iwano@bs.naist.jp

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|October 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Angiosperm self-incompatibility (SI) systems, crucial for genetic diversity, utilize diverse self/non-self recognition mechanisms. These systems, involving male and female S-determinants, are broadly categorized into self-recognition and non-self recognition pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Genetics and molecular biology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Self-incompatibility (SI) is a key mechanism in flowering plants (angiosperms) that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing, thereby enhancing genetic diversity.
  • SI relies on S-determinants, encoded at the S-locus, which mediate male-specific and female-specific recognition of self or non-self pollen.
  • Recent research highlights that angiosperms employ diverse strategies for self/non-self discrimination within SI systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the diverse self/non-self discrimination systems in angiosperm self-incompatibility.
  • To categorize these systems into fundamental recognition pathways.
  • To understand the molecular basis of S-determinant interactions in different plant families.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis to identify S-locus components.
  • Molecular biological techniques to study S-determinant gene function.
  • Biochemical approaches to investigate protein interactions involved in recognition.

Main Results:

  • Angiosperm SI systems can be broadly classified into two distinct types: self-recognition and non-self recognition.
  • The self-recognition system, observed in Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae, involves specific interactions between S-determinants from the same S-haplotype.
  • The non-self recognition system, found in Solanaceae, relies on interactions between S-determinants from different S-haplotypes, with duplicated male S-determinant genes recognizing diverse female S-determinants.

Conclusions:

  • Angiosperms have evolved divergent molecular mechanisms to achieve self/non-self discrimination in self-incompatibility.
  • Understanding these diverse SI systems provides insights into plant reproductive strategies and the evolution of genetic diversity.
  • The classification into self-recognition and non-self recognition systems offers a framework for future research into S-determinant function and evolution.