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Functionalized nanowire-based antigen detection using frequency-based signals.

Thanh Cong Nguyen¹, Wanzhi Z Qiu, Efstratios Skafidas

¹Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia. nguyenct@student.unimelb.edu.au

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering

|October 5, 2011

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Silicon nanowires act as sensitive molecular sensors for disease detection. Their unique electrical properties enable a new, low-cost method for real-time antigen analysis in biological samples.

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Clinical diagnosis requires detecting pathogens like antigens, bacteria, and viruses in biological samples.
Current detection methods often involve time-consuming laboratory analysis.
Silicon nanowires offer potential as highly sensitive molecular sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the electrical properties of antibody-functionalized silicon nanowires for antigen detection.
To develop a novel, low-cost, and integrated system for real-time molecular sensing.

Main Methods:

Functionalizing silicon nanowires with antibodies to capture specific antigens.
Analyzing the alternating current (ac) transfer function of nanowires upon antigen binding.

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Correlating changes in the nanowire's electrical properties with antigen charge and concentration.

Main Results:

Silicon nanowires exhibit a high-pass filter-like ac-transfer function, a newly reported effect.
Antigen binding alters the nanowire's conductance by displacing charge carriers.
The corner frequency of the nanowire's filter response decreases with increasing net charge of the bound molecules.

Conclusions:

The observed ac-transfer function provides a new mechanism for silicon nanowire-based sensing.
This property allows for the development of low-cost, real-time antigen detection systems.
This approach bypasses the need for complex and expensive direct current (dc) conductance measurements.