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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Published on: July 23, 2012

MicroRNAs regulate dendritic cell differentiation and function.

Marian L Turner1, Frauke M Schnorfeil, Thomas Brocker

  • 1Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany. j.s.verbeek@wxs.nl

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|October 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), influencing their development and function. This review details miRNA roles in DC differentiation and immune response coordination.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression impacting cell fate and function.
  • In the immune system, miRNAs are crucial for hematopoietic development, cell differentiation, and homeostasis.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), essential antigen-presenting cells, are also modulated by miRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA activity during dendritic cell development and differentiation.
  • To identify specific miRNAs involved in dendritic cell function and immune response modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNA function in the immune system.
  • Analysis of research on miRNA involvement in dendritic cell development and subset differentiation.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNAs regulating dendritic cell effector functions.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play critical roles at various checkpoints of hematopoietic development and DC differentiation.
  • Specific miRNAs, such as miR-155 and miR-146a, are implicated in both shared and unique immune cell functions.
  • Newly identified miRNAs also contribute to the regulation of dendritic cell biology.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are integral to the precise regulation of dendritic cell development, differentiation, and function.
  • Understanding these miRNA networks is vital for comprehending adaptive immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis.