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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect
09:35

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

Published on: September 11, 2015

Hierarchical titanium surface textures affect osteoblastic functions.

Changli Zhao1, Peng Cao, Weiping Ji

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|October 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hierarchical textured titanium surfaces created by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) significantly enhance osteoblast function and cytocompatibility. This novel surface modification shows promise for metallic biomaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Titanium alloys are widely used in orthopedic implants.
  • Surface properties significantly influence implant osseointegration.
  • Existing surface modification techniques have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the surface characteristics and in vitro cytocompatibility of hierarchical textured titanium surfaces produced by SMAT.
  • To compare SMAT-processed titanium surfaces with polished and thermally sprayed surfaces.
  • To evaluate the effect of nanograins and microroughness on osteoblastic functions.

Main Methods:

  • Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) to create hierarchical textures.
  • Surface characterization using SEM, XRD, TEM, contact angle, and surface energy measurements.
  • In vitro cytocompatibility assessment including cell attachment, morphology, viability, ALP activity, and gene expression (RT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • SMAT surfaces exhibited higher hydrophilicity and surface energy compared to polished and sprayed surfaces.
  • Enhanced cell attachment, spreading, viability, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were observed on SMAT surfaces.
  • Significantly higher ALP activity and osteoblast gene expression were found on Ti-SMAT surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Hierarchical surface textures combining nanograins and microroughness synergistically enhance osteoblastic functions.
  • SMAT-processed titanium surfaces demonstrate superior cytocompatibility for potential biomaterial applications.
  • SMAT offers a novel surface modification method for metallic biomaterials.