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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

Somatic treatments for mood disorders.

Moacyr A Rosa¹, Sarah H Lisanby

¹Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

|October 7, 2011

Summary

Somatic treatments offer diverse options for mood disorders, ranging from established therapies like electroconvulsive therapy to emerging technologies. This review explores current and future interventions, including noninvasive and surgical approaches, for enhanced treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Medical Technology

Background:

Mood disorders are a significant public health concern.
Current treatments include psychotherapy and psychopharmacology.
Somatic treatments offer alternative or adjunctive therapeutic modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing and emerging somatic treatments for mood disorders.
To categorize these interventions for clarity.
To discuss optimization strategies and future research directions.

Main Methods:

Categorization of somatic therapies into seizure therapies, noninvasive techniques, and surgical approaches.
Inclusion of both clinically used and investigational techniques.
Discussion of novel optimization methods and technologies under development.

Main Results:

Somatic treatments encompass seizure therapies (electroconvulsive therapy, magnetic seizure therapy), noninvasive techniques (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, cranial electric stimulation), and surgical interventions (vagus nerve stimulation, epidural electrical stimulation, deep brain stimulation).
Several technologies are on the horizon for mood disorder treatment.
Novel approaches for optimizing existing treatments are under active investigation.

Conclusions:

Somatic treatments represent a broad spectrum of interventions for mood disorders.
The field is rapidly evolving with ongoing research into new techniques and optimization strategies.
These therapies can be used as standalone options or in conjunction with other treatments.